Module std::ops [] [src]

Overloadable operators

Implementing these traits allows you to get an effect similar to overloading operators.

Some of these traits are imported by the prelude, so they are available in every Rust program.

Many of the operators take their operands by value. In non-generic contexts involving built-in types, this is usually not a problem. However, using these operators in generic code, requires some attention if values have to be reused as opposed to letting the operators consume them. One option is to occasionally use clone(). Another option is to rely on the types involved providing additional operator implementations for references. For example, for a user-defined type T which is supposed to support addition, it is probably a good idea to have both T and &T implement the traits Add<T> and Add<&T> so that generic code can be written without unnecessary cloning.

Examples

This example creates a Point struct that implements Add and Sub, and then demonstrates adding and subtracting two Points.

use std::ops::{Add, Sub};

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Point {
    x: i32,
    y: i32,
}

impl Add for Point {
    type Output = Point;

    fn add(self, other: Point) -> Point {
        Point {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}
    }
}

impl Sub for Point {
    type Output = Point;

    fn sub(self, other: Point) -> Point {
        Point {x: self.x - other.x, y: self.y - other.y}
    }
}
fn main() {
    println!("{:?}", Point {x: 1, y: 0} + Point {x: 2, y: 3});
    println!("{:?}", Point {x: 1, y: 0} - Point {x: 2, y: 3});
}

See the documentation for each trait for a minimum implementation that prints something to the screen.

Structs

Range

A (half-open) range which is bounded at both ends.

RangeFrom

A range which is only bounded below.

RangeFull

An unbounded range.

RangeTo

A range which is only bounded above.

Traits

Add

The Add trait is used to specify the functionality of +.

BitAnd

The BitAnd trait is used to specify the functionality of &.

BitOr

The BitOr trait is used to specify the functionality of |.

BitXor

The BitXor trait is used to specify the functionality of ^.

Deref

The Deref trait is used to specify the functionality of dereferencing operations, like *v.

DerefMut

The DerefMut trait is used to specify the functionality of dereferencing mutably like *v = 1;

Div

The Div trait is used to specify the functionality of /.

Drop

The Drop trait is used to run some code when a value goes out of scope. This is sometimes called a 'destructor'.

Fn

A version of the call operator that takes an immutable receiver.

FnMut

A version of the call operator that takes a mutable receiver.

FnOnce

A version of the call operator that takes a by-value receiver.

Index

The Index trait is used to specify the functionality of indexing operations like arr[idx] when used in an immutable context.

IndexMut

The IndexMut trait is used to specify the functionality of indexing operations like arr[idx], when used in a mutable context.

Mul

The Mul trait is used to specify the functionality of *.

Neg

The Neg trait is used to specify the functionality of unary -.

Not

The Not trait is used to specify the functionality of unary !.

Rem

The Rem trait is used to specify the functionality of %.

Shl

The Shl trait is used to specify the functionality of <<.

Shr

The Shr trait is used to specify the functionality of >>.

Sub

The Sub trait is used to specify the functionality of -.

AddAssign [Unstable]

The AddAssign trait is used to specify the functionality of +=.

BitAndAssign [Unstable]

The BitAndAssign trait is used to specify the functionality of &=.

BitOrAssign [Unstable]

The BitOrAssign trait is used to specify the functionality of |=.

BitXorAssign [Unstable]

The BitXorAssign trait is used to specify the functionality of ^=.

BoxPlace [Unstable]

Specialization of Place trait supporting box EXPR.

Boxed [Unstable]

Core trait for the box EXPR form.

CoerceUnsized [Unstable]

Trait that indicates that this is a pointer or a wrapper for one, where unsizing can be performed on the pointee.

DivAssign [Unstable]

The DivAssign trait is used to specify the functionality of /=.

InPlace [Unstable]

Specialization of Place trait supporting in (PLACE) EXPR.

MulAssign [Unstable]

The MulAssign trait is used to specify the functionality of *=.

Place [Unstable]

Both in (PLACE) EXPR and box EXPR desugar into expressions that allocate an intermediate "place" that holds uninitialized state. The desugaring evaluates EXPR, and writes the result at the address returned by the pointer method of this trait.

Placer [Unstable]

Interface to implementations of in (PLACE) EXPR.

RemAssign [Unstable]

The RemAssign trait is used to specify the functionality of %=.

ShlAssign [Unstable]

The ShlAssign trait is used to specify the functionality of <<=.

ShrAssign [Unstable]

The ShrAssign trait is used to specify the functionality of >>=.

SubAssign [Unstable]

The SubAssign trait is used to specify the functionality of -=.